Articles about nuclear fusion


10th of January 2023
Article "Proposal of a Deuterium-Deuterium fusion reactor intended for a large power plant" Rev. A (published in the "World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology" journal:
http://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2024.141001))

Abstract: this article looks for the necessary conditions to use Deuterium-Deuterium (D-D) fusion for a large power plant. At the moment, for nearly all the projects (JET, ITER…) only the Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) fuel is considered for a power plant. However, as shown in this article, even if a D-D reactor would be necessarily much bigger than a D-T reactor due to the much weaker fusion reactivity of the D-D fusion compared to the D-T fusion, a D-D reactor size would remain under an acceptable size. Indeed, a D-D power plant would be necessarily large and powerful, i.e. the net electric power would be equal to a minimum of 1.2 GWe and preferably above 10 GWe. A D-D reactor would be less complex than a D-T reactor as it is not necessary to obtain Tritium from the reactor itself. It is proposed the same type of reactor yet proposed by the author in a previous article, i.e. a Stellarator “racetrack” magnetic loop. The working of this reactor is continuous.
It is reminded that the Deuterium is relatively abundant on the sea water, and so it constitutes an almost inexhaustible source of energy.
Thanks to secondary fusions (D-T and D-He3) which both occur at an appreciable level above 100 keV, plasma can stabilize around such high equilibrium energy (i.e. between 100 and 150 keV). The mechanical gain (Q) of such reactor increases with the internal pipe radius, up to 4.5 m. A radius of 4.5 m permits a mechanical gain (Q) of about 17 which thanks to a modern thermo-dynamical conversion would lead to convert about 21 % of the thermal power issued from the D-D reactor in a net electric power of 20 GWe. The goal of the article is to create a physical model of the D-D reactor so as to estimate this one without the need of a simulator and finally to estimate the dimensions, power and yield of such D-D reactor for different net electrical powers. The difficulties of the modeling of such reactor are listed in this article and would certainly be applicable to a future D-He3 reactor, if any.

Download here this article

The summarized proposal (on only 4 pages instead 50 pages) can be downloaded here Download the summarized article


09th of October 2023
Article "Electrostatic lens sizing" Rev. C2

Abstract : the goal of this presentation is to give some information about the sizing of electrostatic lenses, mainly the focal length. These lenses are used to focus particles beams. It is proposed a small program and formulas taking account different parameters (voltages and configuration) in a relative simple way. A “freeware” program can, possibly, help the reader to more precisely design lenses.

This presentation relies on a personal simulator. A physical explanation of the focusing principle is proposed. It is afterwards explained why a negative potential will also focus an ions beam, even it seems counter-intuitive. It is also shown that the quality of convergence increases with the thickness of the lens.

Moreover, it is described the expected behavior of lenses in presence of a strong space charge, or in presence of two different types of plasma (hot ions/cold electrons plasma and fusion neutral plasma).

Download here this article

Download the freeware program


2nd of February 2023
Article "Proposal of a progressive thermalization fusion reactor able to produce nuclear fusions with a mechanical gain superior or equal to 18" Rev. A1 (Rev. A published in the journal "Energy and Power Engineering":
https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2022.141003)

Abstract: in the standard fusion reactors, mainly tokamaks, the mechanical gain obtained is below 1. In the other hand, there are colliding beam fusion reactors, for which, the not neutral plasma and the space charge limits the number of fusions to a very small number. Consequently, the mechanical gain is extremely low.

The proposed reactor is also a colliding beam fusion reactor, configured in Stellarator, using directed beams. D+/T+ ions are injected in opposition, with electrons, at high speeds, so as to form a neutral beam. All these particles turn in a magnetic loop in form of figure of “0” (“racetrack”). The plasma is initially non-thermal but, as expected, rapidly becomes thermal, so all states between non-thermal and thermal exists in this reactor. The main advantage of this reactor is that this plasma after having been brought up near to the optimum conditions for fusion (around 68 keV), is then maintained in this state, thanks to low energy non-thermal ions (<=15 keV). So the energetic cost is low and the mechanical gain (Q) is high (>>1). The goal of this article is to study a different type of fusion reactor, its advantages (no net plasma current inside this reactor, so no disruptive instabilities and consequently a continuous working, a relatively simple way to control the reactor thanks to the particles injectors), and its drawbacks, using a simulator tool. The finding results are valuable for possible future fusion reactors able to generate massive energy in a cleaner and safer way than fission reactors.

Download here this article


5th of February 2022
Article "Summarized proposal of a progressive thermalization fusion reactor able to produce nuclear fusions with a mechanical gain superior or equal to 18" Rev. B

Abstract: the main advantage of this fusion reactor is that the plasma after having been brought up near to the optimum conditions for D/T fusion (around 68 keV), is then maintained in this state, low energy non-thermal ions (=15 keV) being injected as replacement ions. So the energetic cost is low and the mechanical gain (Q) is elevated (=18), the working being continuous. Moreover, the main plasma control by the particles injectors (I and U) is relatively simple. This reactor has been partly checked on a simulator.

Download here this article


23th of September 2020
Article "Usefulness of the magnetic « corkscrew » for particles beams" Rev. C
Download here this article


27th of August 2019
Article "Simulation of a fusion reactor using an electrons cloud confined in a magnetic bottle" Rev. A
Download here this article


19th of February 2019
Article "Conclusion about the possibility of fusion by frontal collision in a linear device" Rev. 3
Download here this article


22th of July 2018
Article "Proposal of a new type of electrostatic confinement reactor able to produce nuclear fusions with a yield superior to 1" Rev. B
Download here this article


22th of July 2018
Article "Proposal of an electrostatic confinement reactor able to produce nuclear aneutronic fusions with a yield superior to 1" Rev. A
Download here this article


Links on other sites


Last updated the 10th of January 2024.